En Argentina, durante 2018 el aborto salió del armario pero no de la clandestinidad / In Argentina, during 2018 abortion came out of the closet but not from hiding

La autora de este artículo hace una síntesis de la evolución histórica y de las diferentes posturas religiosas frente al abor-to, describe su epidemiología mundial y la posición de la Organización Mundial de la Salud frente a esta problemática, resume el desarrollo y el desenlace del recientemente instalado debate sobre la legalización del aborto en Argentina y, finalmente reflexiona sobre lo que nos ha dejado este proceso político. (AU)

The author of this article summarizes the historical evolution and the different religious positions regarding abortion, describes its global epidemiology and the position of the World Health Organization in relation to this problem, summarizes the development and the outcome of the recently installed debate on the legalization of abortion in Argentina and, finally, reflect on what this politi-cal process has left us. (AU)

Motivar el cambio a partir de la educación para la salud / Motivating health education-based change

Se hace referencia a una experiencia académica en la formación de profesionales de enfermería, en las asignaturas: Prevención primaria y Enfermería del niño del área de Salud Pública. A partir de la sistematización de las experiencias acumuladas se procedió a identificar los elementos epistemológicos, teóricos y prácticos de la propuesta que se desarrollo durante cinco años en Instituciones educativas en el nivel de básica primaria, con la propuesta educativa "Vivir la sexualidad con dignidad" se encuentra que este tipo de trabajos lograr desarrollar una motivación especial en la comunidad escolar al tiempo que permite a los universitarios acercarse a las realidades sociales que enfrentaran en su práctica profesional. Se insiste en la necesidad de fortalecer en los niños la posibilidad de participar de la familia, el estado y la sociedad civil.

The following work refers to academic experience regarding the training of nurses concerning primary prevention and child nursing within the area of public health. The target population consisted of children. Accumulated experience was systematised for identifying epistemological, theoretical and practical elements developed over Ave years in basic primary education institutions, in line with the educational proposal Experience sexuality with dignity. It was found that this type of work managed to develop special motivation in the scholastic community whilst allowing academics to approach the social reality which they must confront in their professional practice. The work emphasised strengthening children's awareness of the need for family, state and civil society participation. Motivating health education-based change did involve the systematisation of experience as a methodological tool.

Competition for adolescents' sexual and reproductive health values is the media winning? / Competencia por los valores sexuales y reproductivos de la salud y los adolescentes: ¿Ganan los medios de radiodifusión?

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand the sources and content of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information among Jamaican adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A national survey of adolescents 9-18 years old attending public schools in Jamaica was done using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling techniques. Questions included in a 57item questionnaire assessed adolescents' awareness of SRH messages promoted by the Ministry of Health (SSRHM) and through Dancehall, (DSRHM). The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 12.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and relationships between variables tested using bivariate analysis, with a 'p' value of 0.05 accepted as significant. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 12.8 (± 2.06) years for boys and 12.8 years (± 2.23) for girls. Television (76.9%), radio (55.4%) and guidance counsellors (55.2%) were the most common sources of SSRHM with no statistically significant demographic differences. Condom use was the only SSRHM, among the seven assessed, that was reported by more than half of the respondents (85.4% boys and 80.3% girls, p = 0.025). Half the number of the male specific DSRHM assessed was reported by more than 50% of boys. Hurting men who have sex with men, and having many girlfriends were the leading messages reported (69.8% & 65.3%). Among girls, five of nine female-related DSRHM were reported by most girls. Having relationships with males who have material resources (66.8%) and being independent (64%) were the leading messages reported. CONCLUSIONS: The electronic media was the leading source of SSRH messages and condom use was the only SSRHM that outstripped the variety ofgender specific DSRH messages, some ofwhich contradict standard messages.

OBJETIVO: Este estudio tuvo por objeto entender las fuentes y el contenido de la información sobre la salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) entre los adolescentes jamaicanos. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una encuesta nacional entre adolescentes de 9-18 años de edad que asistían a escuelas públicas en Jamaica, para lo cual se usó una técnica de muestreo multifásico estratificado por conglomerados (cluster). Las preguntas incluidas en un cuestionario de 57 ítems evaluaban la conciencia de los adolescentes acerca de los mensajes de SSR promovidos por el Ministerio de Salud (SSRMS) y por la llamada música dance hall (SSRMD). Los datos fueron analizados usando el Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales (SPSS), versión 12.0. Se usaron estadísticas descriptivas para resumir los datos y las relaciones entre las variables sometidas a prueba usando un análisis bivariado, en el que el valor 'p'de 0.05 fue aceptado como significativo. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio de los encuestados fue 12.8 (± 2.06) años para los niños y 12.8 años (± 2.23)para las niñas. La televisión (76.9%), la radio (55.4%), y los consejeros a cargo de la orientación (55.2%) fueron las fuentes más comunes de la SSRMS, sin que se produjeran diferencias demográficas estadísticamente significativas. El uso del condón fue el único aspecto del SSRMS entre los siete evaluados, que fue reportado por más de la mitad de los encuestados (85.4% niños y 80.3% niñas, p = 0.025). La mitad de los elementos masculinos específicos del SSRMS evaluados, fue reportada por más del 50% de los varones. Hombres abusivos que tienen sexo con otros hombres y el tener muchas "amigas", fueron los principales reportados (69.8% and 65.3%). Entre las jovencitas, cinco de cada nueve mensajes relacionados con las mujeres, fueron reportados por la mayor parte de ellas. Mantener relaciones con hombres que poseen recursos materiales (66.8%) y el ser independientes (64%) fueron los principales mensajes reportados. CONCLUSIONES: Los medios electrónicos fueron la fuente principal de los mensajes de la SSR y el uso del condón fue el único de la SSRMS que superó la variedad de mensajes específicos de género de la SSRMD, algunos de los cuales contradicen los mensajes standards.

Dinámicas culturales en salud sexual y reproductiva. Reflexiones sobre programas de prevención en comunidades Latinas en los Estados Unidos / Cultural dynamics in sexual and reproductive health. Reflections on prevention programs in Latino communities in the United States

This presentation focuses on the thesis that successful attainment of sexual and reproductive health promotion goals in U.S. Latino communities depends on: 1) the effect of the transcultural and transnational experience in explanatory models of sexuality and human reproduction, 2) the reassessment and redefinition of women's power, 3) the inclusion of men in sexual health education programs, 4) the integration of sexual health education in community systems, and 5) the development of education interventions with economic development components.

Information needs assessment for HIV/AIDS and STIs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

We assessed information needs about HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections [STI] in the Eastern Mediterranean Region by surveying a sample of people considered knowledgeable about the subject. Respondents felt that information on certain areas of HIV/AIDS/STIs was much needed. Health care workers were perceived to see a high need for information and services generally. Religious and community leaders were perceived to see less need for some information and services [such as condom promotion, sex education for young people]. All groups were perceived to see a need for education and services for people living with AIDS and drug users. Television and radio were considered the best channels for health education while training was seen as the most effective method for information exchange

Impact assessment of school-based sex education program amongst adolescents.

This was a cross-sectional, interview-based study to assess the impact of sex education on the students and the feasibility of such a program. Study sample consisted of 189 students from two secondary schools of Surat city. Impact was assessed by "before and after" administration of questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done by Z tests for difference of means and proportions. Sex education influenced the need perception and the knowledge of the students. After the training, the preferred mean age to start sex education in the two sexes converged to be 15-16 years. Doctors remained the first choice to impart the sex education, followed by school teachers. Knowledge about the STDs and the method(s) of prevention improved significantly (more in boys). Optimum days for conception became known to more students after the training and the gain was more in girls. Increased awareness about the contraceptives (condoms) use was evident in boys and (oral pills and condoms) in girls. The training improved the participation of girls in the post-evaluation program. A positive attitudinal change was observed after the training, towards extra-marital sex. It also removed the myths associated with masturbation. All students were satisfied with the programme, however, two-third of boys considered the duration insufficient.

Family planning services and programmes in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region

This paper presents the findings of a 1999 survey of 19 countries of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region on the family planning services and programmes in the Region. Data were collected using a questionnaire which explored the following areas: the presence of population or family planning policies and family planning activities, the family planning services available, promotional and educational activities on family planning, quality assurance, family planning data collection, analysis and dissemination, and the use of such information. The results indicate that 13 of the countries have national policies on population and family planning but even in those that do not, family planning services are widely available. The scope of the services provided varied. There is still a need to implement or strengthen family planning programmes in the Region, a need which is recognized by the countries themselves

De adolescentes a adolescentes: para vivir el amor sin enfermedades de transmisión sexual / From teenagers to teenagers: to live without love Sexual transmition diseases

El documento proporciona las pautas al personal que trabaja en el programa de adolescentes y jovenes de SI Mujer para el desarrollo de sus de sus funciones de promoción para lograr los cambios de actitud en la población adolescente y joven, para disminuir la morbi- mortalidad, las enfermedades de transmisión sexual, el VIH/SIDA, los embarazos en la adolescencia y la violencia intrafmiliar y sexual. Al mismo tiempo pretende contribuir a las políticas y programas gubernamentales en el tema de salud reproductiva, sexualidad y de población. Asi mismo proporciona la metodología a emplear en la labor educativa

Taller de sexualidad y afectividad como una alternativa de educacion sexual dirigida a adolescentes / Workshop on sexuality and its effectiveness as an alternative to sexual education directed to adolescents

We present the experience accumulated during 3 years of having performed 10 workshops related to the topics of Sexuality and Affection, offered to 175 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 19 years, from public schools within the Panamá, City Metropolitan Area and who correspond to different socioeconomical strata. Analytical information provided from the results of two questionnaires related to knowledge about the two topics, applied prior to and after the workshops is also offered

Avaliaçäo dos projetos de educaçäo sexual; relatório / Evaluation of sex education project; report

Apresenta os dados de avaliaçäo dos Projetos de Educaçäo Sexual apoiados pela Fundaçäo Odebrecht e desenvolvidos nas cidades de Salvador e Rio de Janeiro

Treinamento de multiplicadores adolescentes na prevencao de DST/ AIDS: relato de uma experiencia / Training of adolescent multipliers in TSD/AIDS prevention: report of an experience

Relata o processo de construcao, acompanhamento e avaliacao do treinamento de multiplicadores adolescentes na prevencao da DST / AIDS. O treinamento buscou atingir a populacao adolescente na faixa etaria de 12 a 18 anos, residentes no Distrito Sanitario Barra Rio Vermelho. Atraves da metodologia da problematizacao, utilizacao de recursos ludicos e vivencias em grupo, propiciou a oportunidade de identificar, elaborar e esclarecer conceitos e ideias sobre o tema proposto

Programa Saude do Adolescente em Blumenau / Adolescent Health Program in Blumenau

Foram estudadas 511 adolescentes gravidas e 372 nao gravidas atendidas no Programa Saude do Adolescente (PRO-SAD) - Centro de Saude - Blumenau entre 1990 e 1992. Entre as gestantes com idade entre 13 e 20 anos, 58,6 por cento relatavam viver com o companheiro. A maioria delas (78,4 por cento ) nao tinha o 1o. Grau escolar completo, e 77 por cento nao trabalhavam. Em 73,7 por cento dos casos nao era utilizado nenhum metodo anticoncepcional e 2,9 por cento das adolescentes retornaram gravidas no ano seguinte ao Pre-Natal. Como principais intercorrencias ocorridas durante a gravidez destacam-se 8 casos de sifilis, 6 casos de condiloma acuminado e 2 casos o Virus da Imunodeficiencia Adquirida (HIV) positivo. Entre as adolescentes nao gravidas sao indicadas as causas e patologias principais que motivaram a consulta ginecologica. E enfatizada neste trabalho a importancia da atuacao de grupos multiprofissionais na assistencia, orientacao e promocao de habitos positivos de saude entre os adolescentes.

Autoestima: tema 2 / Mochila Educativa / Self-esteem: item 2

El documento proporciona información educativa a cerca de la salud sexual y reproductiva a los adolescentes y jóvenes para la consolidación de los conocimientos y desarrollar la capacidad de conocerse a sí mismo así como enfrentar los retos de su sexualidad y la salud sexual reproductiva

Sexualidad tema 3 / Mochila educativa / Sexuality item 3

El documento proporciona los conceptos básicos sobre la Salud sexual y reproductiva con el proposito de enriquecer los conocimientos y que los jovenes puedan comprender y cuidar su salud sexual y reproductiva. Ademas proporciona un pre test para evaluar hasta donde los jovenes y adolescentes conocen la tematica de la salud sexual y reproductiva, asi como el diseño metodológico y los principales conceptos de las palabras mas utilizadas en la salud sexual y reproductiva con el objetivo de ampliar los conocimientos

Comunicación asertiva. tema No. 8 / Mochila Educativa / Assertive communication. Item No. 8

El documento es parte de la Colección "Mochila Educativa" aborda el tema sobre la "La comunicación asertiva" la que tiene el proposito de brindarle las herramientas que les permitan aplicar la asertividad en sus relaciones personales con sus compañeros y compañeras de manera positiva respetuosa, directa y oportuna